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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* simd.h
* Support for platform-specific vector operations.
*
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2023, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
* src/include/port/simd.h
*
* NOTES
* - VectorN in this file refers to a register where the element operands
* are N bits wide. The vector width is platform-specific, so users that care
* about that will need to inspect "sizeof(VectorN)".
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#ifndef SIMD_H
#define SIMD_H
#if (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_AMD64))
/*
* SSE2 instructions are part of the spec for the 64-bit x86 ISA. We assume
* that compilers targeting this architecture understand SSE2 intrinsics.
*
* We use emmintrin.h rather than the comprehensive header immintrin.h in
* order to exclude extensions beyond SSE2. This is because MSVC, at least,
* will allow the use of intrinsics that haven't been enabled at compile
* time.
*/
#include <emmintrin.h>
#define USE_SSE2
typedef __m128i Vector8;
typedef __m128i Vector32;
#elif defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON)
/*
* We use the Neon instructions if the compiler provides access to them (as
* indicated by __ARM_NEON) and we are on aarch64. While Neon support is
* technically optional for aarch64, it appears that all available 64-bit
* hardware does have it. Neon exists in some 32-bit hardware too, but we
* could not realistically use it there without a run-time check, which seems
* not worth the trouble for now.
*/
#include <arm_neon.h>
#define USE_NEON
typedef uint8x16_t Vector8;
typedef uint32x4_t Vector32;
#else
/*
* If no SIMD instructions are available, we can in some cases emulate vector
* operations using bitwise operations on unsigned integers. Note that many
* of the functions in this file presently do not have non-SIMD
* implementations. In particular, none of the functions involving Vector32
* are implemented without SIMD since it's likely not worthwhile to represent
* two 32-bit integers using a uint64.
*/
#define USE_NO_SIMD
typedef uint64 Vector8;
#endif
/* load/store operations */
static inline void vector8_load(Vector8 *v, const uint8 *s);
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline void vector32_load(Vector32 *v, const uint32 *s);
#endif
/* assignment operations */
static inline Vector8 vector8_broadcast(const uint8 c);
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector32 vector32_broadcast(const uint32 c);
#endif
/* element-wise comparisons to a scalar */
static inline bool vector8_has(const Vector8 v, const uint8 c);
static inline bool vector8_has_zero(const Vector8 v);
static inline bool vector8_has_le(const Vector8 v, const uint8 c);
static inline bool vector8_is_highbit_set(const Vector8 v);
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline bool vector32_is_highbit_set(const Vector32 v);
#endif
/* arithmetic operations */
static inline Vector8 vector8_or(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2);
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector32 vector32_or(const Vector32 v1, const Vector32 v2);
static inline Vector8 vector8_ssub(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2);
#endif
/*
* comparisons between vectors
*
* Note: These return a vector rather than boolean, which is why we don't
* have non-SIMD implementations.
*/
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8 vector8_eq(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2);
static inline Vector32 vector32_eq(const Vector32 v1, const Vector32 v2);
#endif
/*
* Load a chunk of memory into the given vector.
*/
static inline void
vector8_load(Vector8 *v, const uint8 *s)
{
#if defined(USE_SSE2)
*v = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *) s);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
*v = vld1q_u8(s);
#else
memcpy(v, s, sizeof(Vector8));
#endif
}
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline void
vector32_load(Vector32 *v, const uint32 *s)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
*v = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *) s);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
*v = vld1q_u32(s);
#endif
}
#endif /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
/*
* Create a vector with all elements set to the same value.
*/
static inline Vector8
vector8_broadcast(const uint8 c)
{
#if defined(USE_SSE2)
return _mm_set1_epi8(c);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
return vdupq_n_u8(c);
#else
return ~UINT64CONST(0) / 0xFF * c;
#endif
}
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector32
vector32_broadcast(const uint32 c)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
return _mm_set1_epi32(c);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
return vdupq_n_u32(c);
#endif
}
#endif /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
/*
* Return true if any elements in the vector are equal to the given scalar.
*/
static inline bool
vector8_has(const Vector8 v, const uint8 c)
{
bool result;
/* pre-compute the result for assert checking */
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
bool assert_result = false;
for (Size i = 0; i < sizeof(Vector8); i++)
{
if (((const uint8 *) &v)[i] == c)
{
assert_result = true;
break;
}
}
#endif /* USE_ASSERT_CHECKING */
#if defined(USE_NO_SIMD)
/* any bytes in v equal to c will evaluate to zero via XOR */
result = vector8_has_zero(v ^ vector8_broadcast(c));
#else
result = vector8_is_highbit_set(vector8_eq(v, vector8_broadcast(c)));
#endif
Assert(assert_result == result);
return result;
}
/*
* Convenience function equivalent to vector8_has(v, 0)
*/
static inline bool
vector8_has_zero(const Vector8 v)
{
#if defined(USE_NO_SIMD)
/*
* We cannot call vector8_has() here, because that would lead to a
* circular definition.
*/
return vector8_has_le(v, 0);
#else
return vector8_has(v, 0);
#endif
}
/*
* Return true if any elements in the vector are less than or equal to the
* given scalar.
*/
static inline bool
vector8_has_le(const Vector8 v, const uint8 c)
{
bool result = false;
/* pre-compute the result for assert checking */
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
bool assert_result = false;
for (Size i = 0; i < sizeof(Vector8); i++)
{
if (((const uint8 *) &v)[i] <= c)
{
assert_result = true;
break;
}
}
#endif /* USE_ASSERT_CHECKING */
#if defined(USE_NO_SIMD)
/*
* To find bytes <= c, we can use bitwise operations to find bytes < c+1,
* but it only works if c+1 <= 128 and if the highest bit in v is not set.
* Adapted from
* https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#HasLessInWord
*/
if ((int64) v >= 0 && c < 0x80)
result = (v - vector8_broadcast(c + 1)) & ~v & vector8_broadcast(0x80);
else
{
/* one byte at a time */
for (Size i = 0; i < sizeof(Vector8); i++)
{
if (((const uint8 *) &v)[i] <= c)
{
result = true;
break;
}
}
}
#else
/*
* Use saturating subtraction to find bytes <= c, which will present as
* NUL bytes. This approach is a workaround for the lack of unsigned
* comparison instructions on some architectures.
*/
result = vector8_has_zero(vector8_ssub(v, vector8_broadcast(c)));
#endif
Assert(assert_result == result);
return result;
}
/*
* Return true if the high bit of any element is set
*/
static inline bool
vector8_is_highbit_set(const Vector8 v)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
return _mm_movemask_epi8(v) != 0;
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
return vmaxvq_u8(v) > 0x7F;
#else
return v & vector8_broadcast(0x80);
#endif
}
/*
* Exactly like vector8_is_highbit_set except for the input type, so it
* looks at each byte separately.
*
* XXX x86 uses the same underlying type for 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit
* integer elements, but Arm does not, hence the need for a separate
* function. We could instead adopt the behavior of Arm's vmaxvq_u32(), i.e.
* check each 32-bit element, but that would require an additional mask
* operation on x86.
*/
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline bool
vector32_is_highbit_set(const Vector32 v)
{
#if defined(USE_NEON)
return vector8_is_highbit_set((Vector8) v);
#else
return vector8_is_highbit_set(v);
#endif
}
#endif /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
/*
* Return the bitwise OR of the inputs
*/
static inline Vector8
vector8_or(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
return _mm_or_si128(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
return vorrq_u8(v1, v2);
#else
return v1 | v2;
#endif
}
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector32
vector32_or(const Vector32 v1, const Vector32 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
return _mm_or_si128(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
return vorrq_u32(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
/*
* Return the result of subtracting the respective elements of the input
* vectors using saturation (i.e., if the operation would yield a value less
* than zero, zero is returned instead). For more information on saturation
* arithmetic, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_arithmetic
*/
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_ssub(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
return _mm_subs_epu8(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
return vqsubq_u8(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
/*
* Return a vector with all bits set in each lane where the corresponding
* lanes in the inputs are equal.
*/
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_eq(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
return _mm_cmpeq_epi8(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
return vceqq_u8(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector32
vector32_eq(const Vector32 v1, const Vector32 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
return _mm_cmpeq_epi32(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
return vceqq_u32(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
#endif /* SIMD_H */
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