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// Copyright (C) 2010-2024 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
//
// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
// License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
// file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
#ifndef IO_ADDRESS_H
#define IO_ADDRESS_H 1
// IMPORTANT NOTE: only very few ASIO headers files can be included in
// this file. In particular, asio.hpp should never be included here.
// See the description of the namespace below.
#include <unistd.h> // for some network system calls
#include <stdint.h> // for uint32_t
#include <boost/asio/ip/address.hpp>
#include <functional>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <exceptions/exceptions.h>
namespace isc {
namespace asiolink {
/// Defines length of IPv6 address (in binary format).
static constexpr size_t V6ADDRESS_LEN = 16;
/// Defines length of IPv4 address (in binary format).
static constexpr size_t V4ADDRESS_LEN = 4;
/// @brief Maximum size of an IPv4 address represented as a text string. 12
/// digits plus 3 full stops (dots).
static constexpr size_t V4ADDRESS_TEXT_MAX_LEN = 15u;
/// @brief Maximum size of an IPv6 address represented as a text string. 32
/// hexadecimal characters written in 8 groups of four, plus 7 colon
/// separators.
static constexpr size_t V6ADDRESS_TEXT_MAX_LEN = 39u;
/// \brief The \c IOAddress class represents an IP addresses (version
/// agnostic)
///
/// This class is a wrapper for the ASIO \c ip::address class.
class IOAddress {
public:
/// \brief An \c IOAddress hash enabling the use in the unordered
/// STL containers.
struct Hash {
/// \brief A hashing operator.
///
/// \param io_address an address to be hashed.
/// \return a hashing result.
size_t operator()(const IOAddress &io_address) const;
};
///
/// \name Constructors and Destructor
///
/// This class is copyable. We use default versions of copy constructor
/// and the assignment operator.
/// We use the default destructor.
//@{
/// \brief Constructor from string.
///
/// This constructor converts a textual representation of IPv4 and IPv6
/// addresses into an IOAddress object.
/// If \c address_str is not a valid representation of any type of
/// address, an exception of class \c IOError will be thrown.
/// This constructor allocates memory for the object, and if that fails
/// a corresponding standard exception will be thrown.
///
/// \param address_str Textual representation of address.
IOAddress(const std::string& address_str);
/// \brief Constructor from an ASIO \c ip::address object.
///
/// This constructor is intended to be used within the wrapper
/// implementation; user applications of the wrapper API won't use it.
///
/// This constructor never throws an exception.
///
/// \param asio_address The ASIO \c ip::address to be converted.
IOAddress(const boost::asio::ip::address& asio_address);
//@}
/// @brief Constructor for ip::address_v4 object.
///
/// This constructor is intended to be used when constructing
/// IPv4 address out of uint32_t type. Passed value must be in
/// host byte order.
///
/// @param v4address IPv4 address represented by uint32_t
IOAddress(uint32_t v4address);
/// \brief Convert the address to a string.
///
/// This method is basically expected to be exception free, but
/// generating the string will involve resource allocation,
/// and if it fails the corresponding standard exception will be thrown.
///
/// \return A string representation of the address.
std::string toText() const;
/// \brief Returns the address family
///
/// \return AF_INET for IPv4 or AF_INET6 for IPv6.
short getFamily() const;
/// \brief Convenience function to check for an IPv4 address
///
/// \return true if the address is a V4 address
bool isV4() const {
return (asio_address_.is_v4());
}
/// \brief Convenience function to check if it is an IPv4 zero address.
///
/// \return true if the address is the zero IPv4 address.
bool isV4Zero() const {
return (equals(IPV4_ZERO_ADDRESS()));
}
/// \brief Convenience function to check if it is an IPv4 broadcast
/// address.
///
/// \return true if the address is the broadcast IPv4 address.
bool isV4Bcast() const {
return (equals(IPV4_BCAST_ADDRESS()));
}
/// \brief Convenience function to check for an IPv6 address
///
/// \return true if the address is a V6 address
bool isV6() const {
return (asio_address_.is_v6());
}
/// \brief Convenience function to check if it is an IPv4 zero address.
///
/// \return true if the address is the zero IPv4 address.
bool isV6Zero() const {
return (equals(IPV6_ZERO_ADDRESS()));
}
/// \brief checks whether and address is IPv6 and is link-local
///
/// \return true if the address is IPv6 link-local, false otherwise
bool isV6LinkLocal() const;
/// \brief checks whether and address is IPv6 and is multicast
///
/// \return true if the address is IPv6 multicast, false otherwise
bool isV6Multicast() const;
/// \brief Creates an address from over wire data.
///
/// \param family AF_INET for IPv4 or AF_INET6 for IPv6.
/// \param data pointer to first char of data
///
/// \return Created IOAddress object
static IOAddress fromBytes(short family, const uint8_t* data);
/// \brief Return address as set of bytes
///
/// \return Contents of the address as a set of bytes in network-byte
/// order.
std::vector<uint8_t> toBytes() const;
/// \brief Compare addresses for equality
///
/// \param other Address to compare against.
///
/// \return true if addresses are equal, false if not.
bool equals(const IOAddress& other) const {
return (asio_address_ == other.asio_address_);
}
/// \brief Compare addresses for equality
///
/// \param other Address to compare against.
///
/// \return true if addresses are equal, false if not.
bool operator==(const IOAddress& other) const {
return equals(other);
}
/// \brief Compare addresses for inequality
///
/// \param other Address to compare against.
///
/// \return false if addresses are equal, true if not.
bool nequals(const IOAddress& other) const {
return (!equals(other));
}
/// \brief Checks if one address is smaller than the other
///
/// \param other Address to compare against.
bool operator<(const IOAddress& other) const {
return (asio_address_ < other.asio_address_);
}
/// \brief Checks if one address is smaller or equal than the other
///
/// \param other Address to compare against.
bool operator<=(const IOAddress& other) const {
return (asio_address_ <= other.asio_address_);
}
/// \brief Compare addresses for inequality
///
/// \param other Address to compare against.
///
/// \return false if addresses are equal, true if not.
bool operator!=(const IOAddress& other) const {
return (nequals(other));
}
/// @brief Subtracts one address from another (a - b)
///
/// Treats addresses as integers and subtracts them. For example:
/// @code
/// 192.0.2.5 - 192.0.2.0 = 0.0.0.5
/// fe80::abcd - fe80:: = ::abcd
/// @endcode
///
/// It is possible to subtract greater from lesser address, e.g.
/// 192.168.56.10 - 192.168.67.20, but please do understand that
/// the address space is a finite field in mathematical sense, so
/// you may end up with a result that is greater then any of the
/// addresses you specified. Also, subtraction is not commutative,
/// so a - b != b - a.
///
/// This operation is essential for calculating the number of
/// leases in a pool, where we need to calculate (max - min).
/// @throw BadValue if addresses are of different family
/// @param a address to be subtracted from
/// @param b address to be subtracted
/// @return IOAddress object that represents the difference
static IOAddress subtract(const IOAddress& a, const IOAddress& b);
/// @brief Returns an address increased by one
///
/// This method works for both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. For example,
/// increase 192.0.2.255 will become 192.0.3.0.
///
/// Address space is a finite field in the mathematical sense, so keep
/// in mind that the address space "loops". 255.255.255.255 increased
/// by one gives 0.0.0.0. The same is true for maximum value of IPv6
/// (all 1's) looping to ::.
///
/// @todo Determine if we have a use-case for increasing the address
/// by more than one. Increase by one is used in AllocEngine. This method
/// could take extra parameter that specifies the value by which the
/// address should be increased.
///
/// @param addr address to be increased
/// @return address increased by one
static IOAddress
increase(const IOAddress& addr);
/// \brief Converts IPv4 address to uint32_t
///
/// Will throw BadValue exception if that is not IPv4
/// address.
///
/// \return uint32_t that represents IPv4 address in
/// network byte order
uint32_t toUint32() const;
/// @name Methods returning @c IOAddress objects encapsulating typical addresses.
///
//@{
/// @brief Returns an address set to all zeros.
static const IOAddress& IPV4_ZERO_ADDRESS() {
static IOAddress address(0);
return (address);
}
/// @brief Returns a "255.255.255.255" broadcast address.
static const IOAddress& IPV4_BCAST_ADDRESS() {
static IOAddress address(0xFFFFFFFF);
return (address);
}
/// @brief Returns an IPv6 zero address.
static const IOAddress& IPV6_ZERO_ADDRESS() {
static IOAddress address("::");
return (address);
}
//@}
private:
boost::asio::ip::address asio_address_;
};
/// \brief Insert the IOAddress as a string into stream.
///
/// This method converts the \c address into a string and inserts it
/// into the output stream \c os.
///
/// This function overloads the global operator<< to behave as described
/// in ostream::operator<< but applied to \c IOAddress objects.
///
/// \param os A \c std::ostream object on which the insertion operation is
/// performed.
/// \param address The \c IOAddress object output by the operation.
/// \return A reference to the same \c std::ostream object referenced by
/// parameter \c os after the insertion operation.
std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& os, const IOAddress& address);
/// \brief Hash the IOAddress.
///
/// This method allows boost multi-index hashed indexes on IOAddresses.
/// It follows the requirement with equality: if two addresses are equal
/// their hashes are equal, if two addresses are not equal their hashes
/// are almost surely not equal.
///
/// \param address A \c IOAddress to hash.
/// \return The hash of the IOAddress.
size_t hash_value(const IOAddress& address);
} // namespace asiolink
} // namespace isc
#endif // IO_ADDRESS_H
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